Acid groundwater in an anoxic aquifer: Reactive transport modelling of buffering processes     

Gudrun Franken  Dieke Postma  Wilhelmus H.M. Duijnisveld  Jürgen Böttcher  John Molson 《Applied Geochemistry》2009

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Correlation of late Holocene terrestrial and marine tephra markers, north Iceland: implications for reservoir age changes   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Gudrun Larsen  Jón Eiríksson  Karen Luise Knudsen  Jan Heinemeier 《Polar research》2002,21(2):283-290

The tephrochronology of the last 3000 years has been investigated in soil sections in north Iceland and in a marine sediment core from the north Icelandic shelf, 50 km offshore. Tephra markers, identified with major element geochemical analysis of volcanic glass shards, serve to correlate the marine and terrestrial records. Hekla 3, the largest Holocene tephra marker from the volcano Hekla, in south Iceland, dated to 2980 years BP, is used as the basal unit in the tephra stratigraphy. AMS ¹⁴C dating of molluscs in the sediment core shows variable deviation from the tephrochronological age model, indicating that the reservoir age of the seawater mass at the coring site has varied with time. A standard marine reservoir correction of 400 ¹⁴C years appears to be reasonable at the present day in the coastal and shelf waters around Iceland, which are dominated by the Irminger Current. However, values over 500 years are observed during the last 3000 years. We suggest that the intervals with increased and variable marine reservoir correction reflect incursions of Arctic water masses derived from the East Greenland Current to the area north of Iceland.  相似文献   

Hydrogeological Decision Analysis: 4. The Concept of Data Worth and Its Use in the Development of Site Investigation Strategies   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

R. Allan Freeze  Bruce James  Joel Massmann  Tony Sperling  Leslie Smith 《Ground water》1992,30(4):574-588

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Field Studies on the Fate and Transport of Pharmaceutical Residues in Bank Filtration   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Thomas Heberer  y Mechlinski  Britta Fanck  rea Knappe  Gudrun Massmann  Asaf Pekdeger  Birgit Fritz 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2004,24(2):70-77

Bank filtration and artificial ground water recharge are important, effective, and cheap techniques for surface water treatment and removal of microbes, as well as inorganic, and some organic, contaminants. Nevertheless, physical, chemical, and biological processes of the removal of impurities are not understood sufficiently. A research project titled Natural and Artificial Systems for Recharge and Infiltration attempts to provide more clarity in the processes affecting the removal of these contaminants. The project focuses on the fate and transport of selected emerging contaminants during bank filtration at two transects in Berlin, Germany. Several detections of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in ground water samples from bank filtration sites in Germany led to furthering research on the removal of these compounds during bank filtration. In this study, six PhACs including the analgesic drugs diclofenac and propyphenazone, the antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine and primidone, and the drug metabolites clofibric acid and 1-acetyl-1-methyl-2-dimethyl-oxamoyl-2-phenylhydrazide were found to leach from the contaminated streams and lakes into the ground water. These compounds were also detected at low concentrations in receiving public supply wells. Bank filtration either decreased the concentrations by dilution (e.g., for carbamazepine and primidone) and partial removal (e.g., for diclofenac), or totally removed PhACs (e.g., bezafibrate, indomethacine, antibiotics, and estrogens). Several PhACs, such as carbamazepine and especially primidone, were readily transported during bank filtration. They are thought to be good indicators for evaluating whether surface water is impacted by contamination from municipal sewage effluent or whether contamination associated with sewage effluent can be transported into ground water at ground water recharge sites.  相似文献   

Long-wavelength global gravity field models: GRIM4-S4, GRIM4-C4     

P. Schwintzer  C. Reigber  A. Bode  Z. Kang  S. Y. Zhu  F.-H. Massmann  J. C. Raimondo  R. Biancale  G. Balmino  J. M. Lemoine  B. Moynot  J. C. Marty  F. Barlier  Y. Boudon 《Journal of Geodesy》1997,71(4):189-208

Summary.  GFZ Potsdam and GRGS Toulouse/Grasse jointly developed a new pair of global models of the Earth's gravity field to satisfy the requirements of the recent and future geodetic and altimeter satellite missions. A precise gravity model is a prerequisite for precise satellite orbit restitution, tracking station positioning and altimeter data reduction. According to different applications envisaged, the new model exists in two parallel versions: the first one being derived exclusively from satellite tracking data acquired on 34 satellites, the second one further incorporating satellite altimeter data over the oceans and terrestrial gravity data. The most recent “satellite-only” gravity model is labelled GRIM4-S4 and the “combined” gravity model GRIM4-C4. The models are solutions in spherical harmonics and have a resolution up to degree and order 60 plus a few resonance terms in the case of GRIM4-S4, and up to degree/order 72 in the case of GRIM4-C4, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 555 km at the Earth's surface. The gravitational coefficients were estimated in a rigorous least squares adjustment simultaneously with ocean tidal terms and tracking station position parameters, so that each gravity model is associated with a consistent ocean tide model and a terrestrial reference frame built up by over 300 optical, laser and Doppler tracking stations. Comprehensive quality tests with external data and models, and test arc computations over a wide range of satellites have demonstrated the state-of-the-art capabilities of both solutions in long-wavelength geoid representation and in precise orbit computation. Received 1 February 1996; Accepted 17 July 1996  相似文献   

《联合国荒漠与荒漠化年》简报     

Arthur Conacher 《第四纪研究》2006,26(6):I0002-I0002

The UN should not confuse deserts with desertification. Deserts are good: they have biodiverse ecosystems and rich human cultures and histories. Deserts are not necessarily desertified. In contrast, desertification is bad: it is associated with degraded e…  相似文献   

Determination of radionuclides in water at uranium mining remediation – a comparison of analytical methods     

Jan Laubrich  Petra Lotze  Gudrun Winkler 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2006,34(6):618-622

The corporate purpose of Wismut GmbH is to decommission its former mining holdings and to rehabilitate the landscape and the environment. Sample taking and analysing the value of contaminants are necessary steps for the remediation of waste rock piles, the recycling of contaminated areas, controlled flooding of uranium mines. Main emphasis lies on the determination of heavy metals and radionuclides of natural decay chains of U‐238 and U‐235. Yearly about 60 000…70 000 determinations of radionuclides in waters were done. Facing this high output of determinations it is a permanent task for laboratory and quality management to ask: Are the results of different methods comparable to each other? Is there a preferred analytical technology? Which matrix influences exist? and What about the analytical costs? Answers to these important questions are given in this report. Summarizing our investigations done in the last few years it is possible to say that – by using different analytical methods the results of radionuclides in water samples (surface or groundwater) are comparable, – a not negligible influence of Ra‐223, Ra‐224 and Ra‐228 may exist by using the DIN 38404 C18 method to determine Ra‐226, – a preferred method cannot be defined, – the choice of the analytical method should include analytical questions (the sample matrix, the occurrence of other disturbing radionuclides, the necessary detection limit) and economical questions (costs, other parameters to be determined).  相似文献   

An ostracod-conductivity transfer function for Tibetan lakes     

Steffen Mischke  Ulrike Herzschuh  Gudrun Massmann  Chengjun Zhang 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,38(4):509-524

About 145 freshwater to hypersaline lakes of the eastern Tibetan Plateau were investigated to develop a transfer function for quantitative palaeoenvironmental reconstructions using ostracods. A total of 100 lakes provided sufficient numbers of ostracod shells. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyse the influence of a number of environmental variables on the distributions of surface sediment ostracod assemblages. Of 23 variables determined for each site, 19 were included in the statistical analysis. Lake water electrical conductivity (8.2%), Ca% (7.6%) and Fe% (4.8%, ion concentrations as % of the cations) explained the greatest amounts of variation in the distribution of ostracod taxa among the 100 lakes. Electrical conductivity optima and tolerances were calculated for abundant taxa. A transfer function, based on weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS), was developed for electrical conductivity (r ² = 0.71, root-mean-square-error of prediction [RMSEP] = 0.35 [12.4% of gradient length], maximum bias = 0.64 [22.4% of gradient length], as assessed by leave-one-out cross-validation) based on 96 lakes. Our results show that ostracods provide reliable estimates of electrical conductivity and can be used for quantitative palaeoenvironmental reconstructions similarly to more commonly used diatom, chironomid or pollen data.  相似文献   

Role of sea surface temperature,Arctic sea ice and Siberian snow in forcing the atmospheric circulation in winter of 2012–2013     

Peings  Yannick  Magnusdottir  Gudrun 《Climate Dynamics》2015,45(5-6):1181-1206

Climate Dynamics - During the 2012–2013 winter, the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) predominated, resulting in a cold winter over Europe and northern Asia punctuated by...  相似文献   

Distribution of tritium-helium groundwater ages in a large Cenozoic sedimentary basin (North German Plain)     

Desens  Annika  Houben  Georg  Sültenfuß  Jürgen  Post  Vincent  Massmann  Gudrun 《Hydrogeology Journal》2023,31(3):621-640

The travel time of groundwater plays a major role in the understanding of hydrogeological systems; however, large data sets necessary for regional studies of groundwater age are rare. In this study, a unique large data set of groundwater samples analysed for tritium and helium isotopes collected over the last 20 years from Cenozoic aquifers of the North German Plain is explored. Hereby, the variety of natural and technical influences on the tritium-helium age, including screen depth and length, groundwater recharge rate and climatic effects, are investigated. To a sampling depth of ~40 m below ground level, the median tritium-helium age increases almost linearly with depth, reaching a maximum of 40 years. Below, the portion of older, tritium-free water rises. The tritium-helium ages of the tritium-bearing portion increase only slightly to a maximum of about 46 years. The depth distribution of the tritium-helium age shows a dependency on groundwater recharge rates. Considering the same depth level, younger ages are related to higher groundwater recharge rates as compared to groundwater that infiltrated in areas with lower recharge rates. This is especially observed for shallow depths. Tritium-helium ages younger than 40 years are reflected well in the atmospheric tritium input curves, while deviations from it can be related to anthropogenic influences such as input from nuclear power plants and irrigation with deep, tritium-poor groundwater. The regional distribution for shallow wells indicates increasing tritium-helium ages from west to east, corresponding to decreasing groundwater recharge rates due to the more continental climate in the east.

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